NodeJS
Create Lightning Fast Data Streams with Capped Collections
Introduction
MongoDB allows multiple collection types that match various storage needs for database data. The Capped Collections storage model maintains its insertion order by working on fixed-size storage. The system automatically deletes older documents when the storage threshold becomes full which makes capped collections suitable for logging applications as well as real-time data processing and caching needs.
What Are Capped Collections?
Capped collections are specialized collections that overwrites new data into existing space according to a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) protocol when storage reaches its limit. These collections serve scenarios containing data requirements that need recent information through their efficient storage management feature.
Key Characteristics of Capped Collections:
- The specified capacity of a collection becomes established when users initialize it which enables better prediction of memory usage.
- Documents disappear automatically from the collection due to its maximum capacity threshold which prevents users from performing manual cleanup tasks.
- The sequence of insertion remains intact because documents store in order of their insertion.
- The speed of writes for capped collections improves because of their predefined storage capacity which surpasses regular collections.
- Storage efficiency remains intact since updates that expand document size are restricted.
Creating a Capped Collection
The creation of a capped collection in MongoDB becomes possible through the createCollection method when adding the capped option parameter set to true.
use myDatabase; The "logs" collection creation statement includes capping with parameters size: 10485760 and max: 1000.
Parameters:
- The size parameter establishes the complete allowed collection size which is measured in bytes.
- max (optional): Specifies the maximum number of documents.
The database query isCapped() determines if a collection has caps enabled.
The isCapped() method allows you to check if a collection has been defined as capped.
db.logs.isCapped(); The method confirms if the capped collection exists.
Converting a Collection to Capped
You can convert an already existing collection to a capped collection through the following command:
db.runCommand({ convertToCapped: "logs", size: 10485760 });Use Cases for Capped Collections
Multiple organizations rely on capped collections as their primary method for automatic data clearing and effective instant data processing needs. Some common applications include:
- The system implements Log Management capabilities to store system logs API request logs together with event tracking data.
- A fast automatic cache layer provides caching mechanisms as part of the system.
- Capped collections serve as the basis for real-time data processing to manage streaming data such as sensor readings or stock price changes.
- Message Queues provide temporary messaging queuing services which enable messaging systems functions.
Limitations of Capped Collections
- Several benefits can be gained from capped collections but these systems present discernible operational restrictions.
- User Deletion of Documents through Manual Actions Is Prohibited Since the System Removes Documents Automatically through New Data Entry.
- Updates that grow the document size larger than the original storage space will lead to update failure.
- The fixed storage size of a collection becomes unchangeable after its capping has been established.
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